21世纪已经到来,以加强外语和计算机为新世纪人才特征的新一轮中小学教育教学、课程改革方兴未艾,“大德育”、“探究型学习”、“双语教学”等新概念成为“热门主题”,成为推进“素质教育”的又一着陆点。上海这个国际化大都市处在中国教育改革的前沿,上海加强外语教学势在必行,外语教学正在准备新的飞跃,其中“双语教学”是最引人注目的视点。
“双语教学”的理论定位
当前各地使用“双语”冠名的学校很多,以“双语”冠名的班级更多。有的学校的所谓“双语”仅仅是强化英语教学,有的学校的所谓“双语”仅旨在强化汉语和英语两门学科的教学,更有的学校将“双语”变为其“尖子”班的代名词。社会上出现了滥用“双语”作为争取生源,提高办学竞争力的倾向。
“双语”的定义
双语的英文是“Bilingual”。根据英国著名的朗曼出版社出版的《朗曼应用语言学词典》所给的定义是:
A person who knows and uses two languages.
In everyday use the word bilingual usually means a person who speaks, reads, or understands two languages equally well (a balanced bilingual), but a bilingual person usually has a better knowledge of one language than of the other.
For example, he / she may:
a) Be able to read and write in only one language
b) Use each language in different types of situation, eg. one language at home and the other at work.
c) Use each language for different communicative purposes, eg. one language for talking about school life and the other for talking about personal feeling
一个能运用两种语言的人。在他的日常生活中能将一门外语和本族语基本等同地运用于听、说、读、写,当然他的母语语言知识和能力通常是大于第二语言的。举例来说:
他/她可能:
A) 使用一种语言来读和写;而用另一种语言来听,说。
B) 在不同的场合下使用不同的语言,如在家使用一种语言,在工作单位使用另一种语言。
C) 在不同的交际需要下使用不同的语言,如在谈论学校生活时使用一种语言,而用另一种语言谈论个人情感。
“双语教学”的定义
根据英国著名的朗曼出版社出版的《朗曼应用语言学词典》所给的定义是:
The use of a second or foreign language in school for the teaching of content subjects.
Bilingual education programs may be of different types and include:
a) the use of a single school language which is not the child’s home language. This is sometimes called an immersion program.
b) The use of the child’s home language when the child enters school but later a gradual change to the use of the use of the school language for teaching some subjects and the home language for teaching others. This is sometimes called maintenance bilingual education.
c) The partial or total use of the child’s home language when the child enters school, and a later change to the use of the school language only. This is sometimes called transitional bilingual education.
能在学校里使用第二语言或外语进行各门学科的教学。